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Antalya Province () is a province and metropolitan municipality of . It is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the and the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is 20,177 km2, and its population is 2,688,004 (2022).

Antalya Province is the centre of Turkey's tourism industry, attracting 30% of foreign tourists visiting Turkey. Its capital city of the same name was the world's third most visited city by number of international arrivals in 2011, displacing New York. Antalya is Turkey's biggest international . The province of Antalya corresponds to the lands of ancient to the west, to the east, and part of to the north. It features a shoreline of with beaches, ports, and ancient cities scattered throughout, including the World Heritage Site . The provincial capital is city with a population of 1,344,000.

Antalya is the fastest-growing province in Turkey; with a 4.17% yearly population growth rate between years 1990–2000, compared with the national rate of 1.83%. This growth is due to a fast rate of urbanization, particularly driven by tourism and other service sectors on the coast.


Etymology
The city and thus the province are named after , king of , who founded the city in the 2nd century BC.


History

Antiquity
Antalya has been settled since pre-historic times. Evidence of human habitation dating back to the early Paleolithic age (150,000–º200,000 years ago) has been discovered in the , of the north of Antalya city.See and [1] Other finds dating back to the (), (Bademağacı Höyüğü) and more recent periods show that the area has been populated by various civilizations throughout the ages.

According to , the earliest known inhabitants were a people called the (Milyans), who referred to the area as and spoke an Indo-European language known as . A people called the , from , also settled and eventually dominated the coastal margins, which were known as Trm̃mis (while the Milyae became concentrated in the mountains). According to , an exiled called Lykos (Latin: Lycus) became prominent in the region. Records from the period refer to the inhabitas and the area as , and document lively interactions with neighboring regions in the 2nd millennium BC. It is commonly accepted that Lukka is cognate with the later, exonym . The Lukka were known for their seafaring skills (including piracy) and demonstrated a fiery, independent spirit; neither the Hittites, nor the Arzawa, to the west, could ever dominate them for long.

According to Greek legend, there was immigration by a Greek tribe called the Akhaioi (from the northern ) to the area, after the , and eventually many Greek settlements built up along the coast and inland. In the Hellenistic period, the western parts of the later Antalya were regarded as Lycia, whereas the east was , and the extremes east , while was to the north. These communities grew into independent cities, and eventually a federation was set up, under the name of Pamphylia.

Before the conquest Lycia was a polity with the first in the world, which later partly inspired the U.S. Constitution. U.S. Politics Online Archives: American Literature

Antalya was part of the kingdom from the 7th century BC until Lydia was defeated by the Achaemenid Empire during the Battle of Sardis in 546 BC. The Macedonian commander Alexander the Great ended Persian rule and in around 334 BC conquered the cities of the area one by one—except for and which managed to repulse his armies in 333 BC. After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, a long battle erupted between his generals that lasted until 188 BC.

The reign of the kingdom of began with the defeat of the army at Apamea. Shortly after this the city of was founded. When , the last king of Pergamom, died in 133 BC he left his kingdom to the . At this time the area is dominated by pirates based in small cities along the coast.


The Byzantines
During the mid- era (the 5th and 6th centuries) the city of Antalya grew beyond the city walls.

From the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century started to be dominant in the and Antalya later played a part in the Christian against . The army of King Louis VII of France sailed from Antalya for during the in 1148, and the fleet of Richard I of England rallied here before the conquest of during the . In the late 11th and early 12th Century much of the area of the modern province fell to the especially the . From 1120 to March 1207, Antalya was again under the sovereignty of Byzantines.


The Seljuk Turks
The area was conquered by the and recaptured by the Byzantines again and again from 1076 onwards as the Seljuks strove to establish a trading base on the Mediterranean. At one stage Turkish lord Kilij Arslan had a palace here. In 1220 Byzantine rule ended for the last time and the city was quickly divided into Christian and Muslim sections, the Christian trading communities including Venetians and Genoese. also grew and throve during the Seljuk period.


The Ottoman Empire onwards
The area passed through many hands before its final occupation by the under during the Ottoman expansion into Europe in 1432. Antalya also was occupied by Kingdom of Cyprus between 1361 and 1373. Ottoman rule of the coast persisted until the empire's collapse at the end of the First World War. The Kingdom of Italy was guaranteed the province in the Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, although the other members of the Allied Powers disputed the legality of this treaty. Antalya was briefly occupied by the Royal Italian Army before becoming part of the Republic of Turkey during the Turkish War of Independence led by Atatürk in 1921.
(2025). 9780191518812, Oxford University Press.

There are many archaeological sites in the province including three National Parks and three Specially Protected Areas.


Geography
Antalya province is situated in south-west , between the longitudes 29°20'-32°35'East and latitudes 36°07'-37°29'North. The province covers an area of 20,591 square miles. The southern border of the province is the Mediterranean Sea while the draw the land border. From west to east the province is bordered by Muğla, , , , and provinces. The land of the province is 77.8% mountainous, 10.2% plain and 12% uneven. Many of the peaks of the Taurus mountains are above 500–3000 metres. The (corresponds to ancient ) in the west includes wide plateaus and river basins. Climate, agriculture, demographics and habitation patterns differ greatly between the inland mountain areas and the coastal plain.

The Antalya basin consists of three sub-basins: the in the east, the Köprü Çay in the middle, and the Aksu in the west.

The western part of the Antalya plain is crossed by two rivers: the Karaman Çay, west of the city, and the Düden Çay, east of the city. A wide undersea canyon extends to the south of the area where these rivers flow into the Antalya Gulf. Offshore from the Aksu's mouth, there is no canyon; there is instead a shallow marine shelf where the river deposits sediments in a broad area.

West of the Aksu basin is a 30x40 km-wide area of and deposits that mark the SW boundary of the basin; the city of Antalya is built on top of this area. These deposits were formed from prehistoric cold springs in the early . They are deepest at the west end, where they are 250 m deep; they get shallower towards the east and are 30 m deep at the easternmost part.

A narrow band of limestone deposits stretch from Gebiz in the north to the Küçük Asar Tepe hills in the south. This is known as the and was likely deposited from shallow coral reefs on the east side of the Aksu basin. There are abundant and fossils in these deposits.

File:Gelidonya lighthouse.jpg| near , the site of the wreck of a merchant ship from about 1200 BC File:Korsankoy.jpg|Korsan Koyu Peninsula, an example of typical geography of western Antalya File:OlimposBeach.jpg|Olympos beach File:Arch dam Oymapinar (Manavgat River, Turkey).JPG| on the File:Kaputaş Plajı (with D5100).jpg|Kaputaş Beach File:The homeland of Caretta caretta. Patara beach, Dalyan, Antalya ©Abdullah Kiyga - panoramio.jpg|


Districts
Antalya province is divided into 19 districts: Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 8 June 2023.


Demographics
The population of Antalya province is estimated 2,426,356 in 2018. Antalya is the fifth province of Turkey with high foreigner resident population which is 6,343.


Education
The province of Antalya has two public (Akdeniz University, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University), and three private universities (Alanya University, Antalya Belek University, Antalya Science University). Antalya's compulsory education system is run by the Turkish Ministry of National Education


Media and broadcasting
Antalya has a number of local media such as radio channels (including as TRT's regional radio service based in Muratpaşa) and newspapers. , the only active local television network of the province, is aired nationally in Turkey by Turksat 4A satellite.


Places of interest
The highest point of the is Akdağ at an altitude of 3025 metres. Located to the northwest of the city centre and at a distance of is the Saklıkent ski and recreation centre on Beydağları. Here one can ski and then go down to the shore and into the sea during the months of January–April. In Saklıkent there are two teleski and ski courses along with villas and accommodation facilities available in the area. Situated on Bakırlı Hill behind Saklıkent is the Antalya National Space Observatory. In rivers rafting and canoeing sports and on the Taurus mountains jeep safari, hunting and trekking tours are organised. Alternatively, there is rock-climbing, bird watching tourism, photo-safari, mountain tourism, line fishing and health tourism at the thalasso and dialysis centres in Geyikbayırı. Holy tourism activities are organized in and Patara where was born and lived. The eternal flames of Chimaera that was the inspiration for the Chimera myth is also located in Antalya. In the area of , . east of Antalya, there is a big potential for golf tourism with the bonus of the cultural, historical and natural sightseeing of the region. There are five golf facilities already operating in Belek. There are underwater diving centres on the coast, primarily in , Çamyuva, Olympos, , Kaş, , Üçağız, , Side and . In addition, yacht tours are organized from the port of Antalya to Düden Waterfall-Karpuzkaldıran and Kemer, from Side to Alanya, from -Çayağzı to Kekova, from Kaş to Kekova, from Kemer to Çıralı-Olympos-Adrasan and . There are also boat tours on creek and canoe tours on creek. In addition, , which covers the southwestern Anatolian coast, ends in Antalya. There are ferryboat trips from Alanya to and from Antalya to . Antalya today is a tourism centre with touristic accommodation facilities, nature and historic sites.


Ancient cities and ruins
There are sites of historical and archaeological interest all over Antalya including


National parks
  • Koprulu National Park
  • Olympos National Park

File:Manavgat waterfall by tomgensler.JPG|Manavgat Waterfall File:Termessos_Ancient_City_Theatre.jpg| is an ancient city in the western Taurus


Sites of natural beauty


Caves
There are more than twenty caves in Antalya Province, among them some are and registered .


Notable people
  • Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, Turkish diplomat and politician; former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey


See also


External links
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